The holy Quran preaches a religion and this holy book calls it Islam (submission to the will of God) 1.(the small font size mid text numerals refer to end notes so please note) The holy Quran considers it the perfect religion 2. This religion deals with the relation between human beings and God, between the human beings and their own souls and between the individual and others human beings.

The Islamic system consists of the following three parts:

1. The system of theology (i'tiqadat). That is, the beliefs related to cosmology, the creation and the relation between God and man.
2. The Moral philosophy (Ahkam-e Akhlaqi: That deal with the qualities and characteristics human beings should acquire.
3. Practical laws (Ahkam-e 'amaliyah): These show man how God wants them to behave.
Theology and practical laws in this system work in close alliance to form a system of belief on one hand and a system of conduct on the other. The Shari'ah include both the theology and laws.
The word 'Shri'ah' lexicographically means a fountainhead But in the terminology of Fiqh, jurisprudence, it consists of the commands, prohibitions, and guidance that God has issued to human beings for their faith and conduct.
The aim of Shari'ah, in all the cases related to belief, ethics and human conduct is to lead man towards justice and equality, so that following the Shari'ah he may become worthy of the position of deputy-ship of God on earth.
The word Fiqh lexicographically means knowledge, understanding, and intelligence. In the terminology of Fiqh, jurisprudence, it is that part of the Shari'ah which deals with the practical rules relating to man's conduct in relation to God, himself and others. The meaning of Fiqh underwent many changes and it is used in different contexts. The Quran uses this word to mean the knowledge of religion in its general sense 3. Accordingly, Tafaqquh (understanding) means the correct understanding of Islamic ideals, principles and rules
4. In a new classification that emerged gradually, in the Shari'ah, Fiqh came to be applied to the practical rules. Such practical rules consist of all of religious laws and duties sanctioned by the Legislator (the (a) Creator, (b) His messenger (c) and the infallible Imams successively if no rule is sanctioned for a case by the higher Authority).
With the emergence of the formal studies in Islamic sciences and the appearance of difference of views in the issues of the practical laws and the necessity to infer them from reliable sources, the term Fiqh found a new meaning. Now it is used to mean understanding of the practical laws of the Islamic system through inference from the authoritative sources
5. Sometimes it refers to the corpus of the established practical laws inferred from the authoritative sources
6. In the science of Fiqh, the main task of a faqih (the scholar of the law) is to find out the rules for his practical duty currently applicable. The subject matter of Fiqh is religious laws or one's practical duties for which the relevant rules must be inferred from the authoritative sources such as Ahadith
7 etc. It is the opinion of some of the scholars that the subject matter (in Fiqh) deals with the rules for different circumstances. A Mukallaf (a person mature enough to be held responsible to observe the Law and to fulfil his duties as a Muslim) may face cases in different conditions wherein he has to observe certain rules of the Shari'ah or follow the authoritative opinions that exist
8.Fiqh has also been defined as the science related to the path of the hereafter. It also means the establishment and the acquisition of the faculty (Malakah) of reasoning and discerning right from wrong, the realities of the faith and the possible penalties for a soul 9 due to transgressing against the law.
The aim of Fiqh, according to this definition, is to acquire adequate piety to abstain from what is transitory and to advance to that, which is immortal and abide by the law. In this regard, there is a Hadith, of the Prophet (s.a) who has said, "Shall I inform you as to who is the perfect Faqih?" "Certainly, O Messenger of God." They replied. He then said, "He is the one who neither makes the people lose hope of the mercy of Allah nor causes heedlessness and fearlessness towards His penalties. He does not make them lose hope of the compassion of Allah nor does he abandon the Qur'an for something else 10."